Extreme poverty is too prevalent in the world of 2015. The gap between rich and poor is growing within countries, while inequality at the global scale persists at a very high level. New dynamics of inequality have arisen from changes in the world order. Technological innovation has exacerbated the gaps, through the incentives new technologies provide to private companies. Scholars of innovation have identified several approaches that redirect innovation energy to inclusive development. National and international organizations have different roles to play in this process. International organizations can focus on inclusive innovation processes and establishing ground rules that reduce asymmetrical power relationships in intellectual property and trade relationships. Any move towards demilitarization at international, national, or local level, would also produce benefits for the world’s poor.